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perk  (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)


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    Cell Signaling Technology Inc perk
    OGD/R induces early activation of ER stress sensors followed by apoptosis in cultured cortical neurons, which is ameliorated by ER stress inhibitors. (A) Schematic representation of the timeline of the experimental procedures. Cortical neurons (7 DIV) were cultured in normal conditions (Control group) or exposed to oxygen/glucose deprivation for 4 hours followed by reperfusion (OGD/R group). Cell lysates were collected at various time points for Western blotting, and cell viability was evaluated after 24 hours reperfusion. (B) The cell viability of primary cortical neurons after OGD/R 24 hours was detected by MTT assay. Cortical neurons (7 DIV) under standard culture conditions were used as the control group ( n = 3). ** P < 0.01, vs. control, unpaired t -test. (C) Cell lysates from the OGD/R group were collected at different time points (0–24 hours) after reperfusion. For the control group, cell lysates were collected at the same time corresponding to 0 hours reperfusion of OGD/R group. Levels of ER stress sensors, protein synthesis, and apoptosis-related proteins were examined by western blot analysis. (D–K) Quantifications of the normalized levels of <t>p-PERK/PERK</t> (D, n = 4), p-eIF2α/eIF2α (E, n = 3), p-IRE1/IRE1 (F, n = 3), ATF6 (G, n = 3), puromycin (H, n = 3), ATF4 (I, n = 3), CHOP (J, n = 3), and cleaved-caspase-3 (K, n = 3). GAPDH and α-tubulin served as the loading control. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001, vs . control, one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. (L) A schematic illustration of the application of ER stress inhibitors, sodium 4-PBA or Sal, to neurons 1 hour before OGD and during OGD (−5 to 0 hours). (M, N) MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell viability of neurons treated with 4-PBA or Sal ( n = 3). **** P < 0.0001, OGD/R vs. control; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, 4-PBA (50 or 100 µM) or Sal (25 or 100 µM) vs. OGD/R, unpaired t -test. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. 4-PBA: Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate; ATF: activating transcription factor; CHOP: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein; C-Casp-3: cleaved-caspase-3; DIV: day in vitro ; eIF2α: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IRE1: inositol requiring enzyme 1; MTT: 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide; OGD: oxygen-glucose deprivation; OGD/R: oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion; <t>p-:</t> <t>phosphorylated-;</t> PERK: double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like ER kinase; Sal: salubrinal.
    Perk, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 97/100, based on 1104 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    perk - by Bioz Stars, 2026-02
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    Images

    1) Product Images from "Neuroserpin alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by suppressing ischemia-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress"

    Article Title: Neuroserpin alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by suppressing ischemia-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress

    Journal: Neural Regeneration Research

    doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00044

    OGD/R induces early activation of ER stress sensors followed by apoptosis in cultured cortical neurons, which is ameliorated by ER stress inhibitors. (A) Schematic representation of the timeline of the experimental procedures. Cortical neurons (7 DIV) were cultured in normal conditions (Control group) or exposed to oxygen/glucose deprivation for 4 hours followed by reperfusion (OGD/R group). Cell lysates were collected at various time points for Western blotting, and cell viability was evaluated after 24 hours reperfusion. (B) The cell viability of primary cortical neurons after OGD/R 24 hours was detected by MTT assay. Cortical neurons (7 DIV) under standard culture conditions were used as the control group ( n = 3). ** P < 0.01, vs. control, unpaired t -test. (C) Cell lysates from the OGD/R group were collected at different time points (0–24 hours) after reperfusion. For the control group, cell lysates were collected at the same time corresponding to 0 hours reperfusion of OGD/R group. Levels of ER stress sensors, protein synthesis, and apoptosis-related proteins were examined by western blot analysis. (D–K) Quantifications of the normalized levels of p-PERK/PERK (D, n = 4), p-eIF2α/eIF2α (E, n = 3), p-IRE1/IRE1 (F, n = 3), ATF6 (G, n = 3), puromycin (H, n = 3), ATF4 (I, n = 3), CHOP (J, n = 3), and cleaved-caspase-3 (K, n = 3). GAPDH and α-tubulin served as the loading control. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001, vs . control, one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. (L) A schematic illustration of the application of ER stress inhibitors, sodium 4-PBA or Sal, to neurons 1 hour before OGD and during OGD (−5 to 0 hours). (M, N) MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell viability of neurons treated with 4-PBA or Sal ( n = 3). **** P < 0.0001, OGD/R vs. control; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, 4-PBA (50 or 100 µM) or Sal (25 or 100 µM) vs. OGD/R, unpaired t -test. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. 4-PBA: Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate; ATF: activating transcription factor; CHOP: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein; C-Casp-3: cleaved-caspase-3; DIV: day in vitro ; eIF2α: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IRE1: inositol requiring enzyme 1; MTT: 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide; OGD: oxygen-glucose deprivation; OGD/R: oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion; p-: phosphorylated-; PERK: double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like ER kinase; Sal: salubrinal.
    Figure Legend Snippet: OGD/R induces early activation of ER stress sensors followed by apoptosis in cultured cortical neurons, which is ameliorated by ER stress inhibitors. (A) Schematic representation of the timeline of the experimental procedures. Cortical neurons (7 DIV) were cultured in normal conditions (Control group) or exposed to oxygen/glucose deprivation for 4 hours followed by reperfusion (OGD/R group). Cell lysates were collected at various time points for Western blotting, and cell viability was evaluated after 24 hours reperfusion. (B) The cell viability of primary cortical neurons after OGD/R 24 hours was detected by MTT assay. Cortical neurons (7 DIV) under standard culture conditions were used as the control group ( n = 3). ** P < 0.01, vs. control, unpaired t -test. (C) Cell lysates from the OGD/R group were collected at different time points (0–24 hours) after reperfusion. For the control group, cell lysates were collected at the same time corresponding to 0 hours reperfusion of OGD/R group. Levels of ER stress sensors, protein synthesis, and apoptosis-related proteins were examined by western blot analysis. (D–K) Quantifications of the normalized levels of p-PERK/PERK (D, n = 4), p-eIF2α/eIF2α (E, n = 3), p-IRE1/IRE1 (F, n = 3), ATF6 (G, n = 3), puromycin (H, n = 3), ATF4 (I, n = 3), CHOP (J, n = 3), and cleaved-caspase-3 (K, n = 3). GAPDH and α-tubulin served as the loading control. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001, vs . control, one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. (L) A schematic illustration of the application of ER stress inhibitors, sodium 4-PBA or Sal, to neurons 1 hour before OGD and during OGD (−5 to 0 hours). (M, N) MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell viability of neurons treated with 4-PBA or Sal ( n = 3). **** P < 0.0001, OGD/R vs. control; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, 4-PBA (50 or 100 µM) or Sal (25 or 100 µM) vs. OGD/R, unpaired t -test. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. 4-PBA: Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate; ATF: activating transcription factor; CHOP: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein; C-Casp-3: cleaved-caspase-3; DIV: day in vitro ; eIF2α: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IRE1: inositol requiring enzyme 1; MTT: 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide; OGD: oxygen-glucose deprivation; OGD/R: oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion; p-: phosphorylated-; PERK: double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like ER kinase; Sal: salubrinal.

    Techniques Used: Activation Assay, Cell Culture, Control, Western Blot, MTT Assay, Comparison, Binding Assay, In Vitro

    Neuroserpin inhibits ER stress–mediated signaling transduction induced by OGD/R. (A) Schematic representation of the timing of the experimental procedures. Neuroserpin (NSP; 20 ng/mL) was added to cortical neurons (7 DIV) 4 hours before OGD and during OGD, followed by reperfusion. Cell lysates were collected at the indicated time points of reperfusion for the examination of ER stress signaling molecules. (B) Representative western blots showing phosphorylated and total levels of ER stress sensors and apoptosis-related proteins. (C) Representative western blots showing levels of puromycin. (D–K) Quantitative analysis of the normalized p-PERK/PERK (D, n = 3), p-eIF2α/eIF2α (E, n = 3), p-IRE1/IRE1 (F, n = 3), ATF6 (G, n = 3), puromycin (H, n = 3), ATF4 (I, n = 5), CHOP (J, n = 5), and cleaved-caspase-3 (K, n = 4). GAPDH and α-tubulin were used as loading controls. ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, OGD/R vs . control; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, OGD/R + NSP vs . OGD/R, unpaired t -test. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. ATF: Activating transcription factor; CHOP: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein; C-Casp-3: cleaved-caspase-3; DIV: day in vitro ; eIF2α: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IRE1: inositol requiring enzyme 1; i.c.v.: intracerebroventricular; NSP: neuroserpin; OGD: oxygen-glucose deprivation; OGD/R: oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion; p-: phosphorylated-; PERK: double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like ER kinase.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Neuroserpin inhibits ER stress–mediated signaling transduction induced by OGD/R. (A) Schematic representation of the timing of the experimental procedures. Neuroserpin (NSP; 20 ng/mL) was added to cortical neurons (7 DIV) 4 hours before OGD and during OGD, followed by reperfusion. Cell lysates were collected at the indicated time points of reperfusion for the examination of ER stress signaling molecules. (B) Representative western blots showing phosphorylated and total levels of ER stress sensors and apoptosis-related proteins. (C) Representative western blots showing levels of puromycin. (D–K) Quantitative analysis of the normalized p-PERK/PERK (D, n = 3), p-eIF2α/eIF2α (E, n = 3), p-IRE1/IRE1 (F, n = 3), ATF6 (G, n = 3), puromycin (H, n = 3), ATF4 (I, n = 5), CHOP (J, n = 5), and cleaved-caspase-3 (K, n = 4). GAPDH and α-tubulin were used as loading controls. ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, OGD/R vs . control; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, OGD/R + NSP vs . OGD/R, unpaired t -test. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. ATF: Activating transcription factor; CHOP: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein; C-Casp-3: cleaved-caspase-3; DIV: day in vitro ; eIF2α: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IRE1: inositol requiring enzyme 1; i.c.v.: intracerebroventricular; NSP: neuroserpin; OGD: oxygen-glucose deprivation; OGD/R: oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion; p-: phosphorylated-; PERK: double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like ER kinase.

    Techniques Used: Transduction, Western Blot, Control, Binding Assay, In Vitro



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    OGD/R induces early activation of ER stress sensors followed by apoptosis in cultured cortical neurons, which is ameliorated by ER stress inhibitors. (A) Schematic representation of the timeline of the experimental procedures. Cortical neurons (7 DIV) were cultured in normal conditions (Control group) or exposed to oxygen/glucose deprivation for 4 hours followed by reperfusion (OGD/R group). Cell lysates were collected at various time points for Western blotting, and cell viability was evaluated after 24 hours reperfusion. (B) The cell viability of primary cortical neurons after OGD/R 24 hours was detected by MTT assay. Cortical neurons (7 DIV) under standard culture conditions were used as the control group ( n = 3). ** P < 0.01, vs. control, unpaired t -test. (C) Cell lysates from the OGD/R group were collected at different time points (0–24 hours) after reperfusion. For the control group, cell lysates were collected at the same time corresponding to 0 hours reperfusion of OGD/R group. Levels of ER stress sensors, protein synthesis, and apoptosis-related proteins were examined by western blot analysis. (D–K) Quantifications of the normalized levels of <t>p-PERK/PERK</t> (D, n = 4), p-eIF2α/eIF2α (E, n = 3), p-IRE1/IRE1 (F, n = 3), ATF6 (G, n = 3), puromycin (H, n = 3), ATF4 (I, n = 3), CHOP (J, n = 3), and cleaved-caspase-3 (K, n = 3). GAPDH and α-tubulin served as the loading control. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001, vs . control, one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. (L) A schematic illustration of the application of ER stress inhibitors, sodium 4-PBA or Sal, to neurons 1 hour before OGD and during OGD (−5 to 0 hours). (M, N) MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell viability of neurons treated with 4-PBA or Sal ( n = 3). **** P < 0.0001, OGD/R vs. control; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, 4-PBA (50 or 100 µM) or Sal (25 or 100 µM) vs. OGD/R, unpaired t -test. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. 4-PBA: Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate; ATF: activating transcription factor; CHOP: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein; C-Casp-3: cleaved-caspase-3; DIV: day in vitro ; eIF2α: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IRE1: inositol requiring enzyme 1; MTT: 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide; OGD: oxygen-glucose deprivation; OGD/R: oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion; p-: <t>phosphorylated-;</t> PERK: double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like ER kinase; Sal: salubrinal.
    Pan Cst 4691 Rabbit Monoclonal C67e7 Ab 915783 Perk, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 99/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    OGD/R induces early activation of ER stress sensors followed by apoptosis in cultured cortical neurons, which is ameliorated by ER stress inhibitors. (A) Schematic representation of the timeline of the experimental procedures. Cortical neurons (7 DIV) were cultured in normal conditions (Control group) or exposed to oxygen/glucose deprivation for 4 hours followed by reperfusion (OGD/R group). Cell lysates were collected at various time points for Western blotting, and cell viability was evaluated after 24 hours reperfusion. (B) The cell viability of primary cortical neurons after OGD/R 24 hours was detected by MTT assay. Cortical neurons (7 DIV) under standard culture conditions were used as the control group ( n = 3). ** P < 0.01, vs. control, unpaired t -test. (C) Cell lysates from the OGD/R group were collected at different time points (0–24 hours) after reperfusion. For the control group, cell lysates were collected at the same time corresponding to 0 hours reperfusion of OGD/R group. Levels of ER stress sensors, protein synthesis, and apoptosis-related proteins were examined by western blot analysis. (D–K) Quantifications of the normalized levels of <t>p-PERK/PERK</t> (D, n = 4), p-eIF2α/eIF2α (E, n = 3), p-IRE1/IRE1 (F, n = 3), ATF6 (G, n = 3), puromycin (H, n = 3), ATF4 (I, n = 3), CHOP (J, n = 3), and cleaved-caspase-3 (K, n = 3). GAPDH and α-tubulin served as the loading control. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001, vs . control, one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. (L) A schematic illustration of the application of ER stress inhibitors, sodium 4-PBA or Sal, to neurons 1 hour before OGD and during OGD (−5 to 0 hours). (M, N) MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell viability of neurons treated with 4-PBA or Sal ( n = 3). **** P < 0.0001, OGD/R vs. control; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, 4-PBA (50 or 100 µM) or Sal (25 or 100 µM) vs. OGD/R, unpaired t -test. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. 4-PBA: Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate; ATF: activating transcription factor; CHOP: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein; C-Casp-3: cleaved-caspase-3; DIV: day in vitro ; eIF2α: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IRE1: inositol requiring enzyme 1; MTT: 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide; OGD: oxygen-glucose deprivation; OGD/R: oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion; p-: <t>phosphorylated-;</t> PERK: double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like ER kinase; Sal: salubrinal.
    Unconjugated Rabbit Anti Perk Antibody, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 97/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    perk d11a8 rabbit mab cst  (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)
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    OGD/R induces early activation of ER stress sensors followed by apoptosis in cultured cortical neurons, which is ameliorated by ER stress inhibitors. (A) Schematic representation of the timeline of the experimental procedures. Cortical neurons (7 DIV) were cultured in normal conditions (Control group) or exposed to oxygen/glucose deprivation for 4 hours followed by reperfusion (OGD/R group). Cell lysates were collected at various time points for Western blotting, and cell viability was evaluated after 24 hours reperfusion. (B) The cell viability of primary cortical neurons after OGD/R 24 hours was detected by MTT assay. Cortical neurons (7 DIV) under standard culture conditions were used as the control group ( n = 3). ** P < 0.01, vs. control, unpaired t -test. (C) Cell lysates from the OGD/R group were collected at different time points (0–24 hours) after reperfusion. For the control group, cell lysates were collected at the same time corresponding to 0 hours reperfusion of OGD/R group. Levels of ER stress sensors, protein synthesis, and apoptosis-related proteins were examined by western blot analysis. (D–K) Quantifications of the normalized levels of <t>p-PERK/PERK</t> (D, n = 4), p-eIF2α/eIF2α (E, n = 3), p-IRE1/IRE1 (F, n = 3), ATF6 (G, n = 3), puromycin (H, n = 3), ATF4 (I, n = 3), CHOP (J, n = 3), and cleaved-caspase-3 (K, n = 3). GAPDH and α-tubulin served as the loading control. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001, vs . control, one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. (L) A schematic illustration of the application of ER stress inhibitors, sodium 4-PBA or Sal, to neurons 1 hour before OGD and during OGD (−5 to 0 hours). (M, N) MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell viability of neurons treated with 4-PBA or Sal ( n = 3). **** P < 0.0001, OGD/R vs. control; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, 4-PBA (50 or 100 µM) or Sal (25 or 100 µM) vs. OGD/R, unpaired t -test. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. 4-PBA: Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate; ATF: activating transcription factor; CHOP: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein; C-Casp-3: cleaved-caspase-3; DIV: day in vitro ; eIF2α: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IRE1: inositol requiring enzyme 1; MTT: 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide; OGD: oxygen-glucose deprivation; OGD/R: oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion; p-: <t>phosphorylated-;</t> PERK: double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like ER kinase; Sal: salubrinal.
    Perk D11a8 Rabbit Mab Cst, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    OGD/R induces early activation of ER stress sensors followed by apoptosis in cultured cortical neurons, which is ameliorated by ER stress inhibitors. (A) Schematic representation of the timeline of the experimental procedures. Cortical neurons (7 DIV) were cultured in normal conditions (Control group) or exposed to oxygen/glucose deprivation for 4 hours followed by reperfusion (OGD/R group). Cell lysates were collected at various time points for Western blotting, and cell viability was evaluated after 24 hours reperfusion. (B) The cell viability of primary cortical neurons after OGD/R 24 hours was detected by MTT assay. Cortical neurons (7 DIV) under standard culture conditions were used as the control group ( n = 3). ** P < 0.01, vs. control, unpaired t -test. (C) Cell lysates from the OGD/R group were collected at different time points (0–24 hours) after reperfusion. For the control group, cell lysates were collected at the same time corresponding to 0 hours reperfusion of OGD/R group. Levels of ER stress sensors, protein synthesis, and apoptosis-related proteins were examined by western blot analysis. (D–K) Quantifications of the normalized levels of <t>p-PERK/PERK</t> (D, n = 4), p-eIF2α/eIF2α (E, n = 3), p-IRE1/IRE1 (F, n = 3), ATF6 (G, n = 3), puromycin (H, n = 3), ATF4 (I, n = 3), CHOP (J, n = 3), and cleaved-caspase-3 (K, n = 3). GAPDH and α-tubulin served as the loading control. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001, vs . control, one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. (L) A schematic illustration of the application of ER stress inhibitors, sodium 4-PBA or Sal, to neurons 1 hour before OGD and during OGD (−5 to 0 hours). (M, N) MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell viability of neurons treated with 4-PBA or Sal ( n = 3). **** P < 0.0001, OGD/R vs. control; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, 4-PBA (50 or 100 µM) or Sal (25 or 100 µM) vs. OGD/R, unpaired t -test. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. 4-PBA: Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate; ATF: activating transcription factor; CHOP: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein; C-Casp-3: cleaved-caspase-3; DIV: day in vitro ; eIF2α: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IRE1: inositol requiring enzyme 1; MTT: 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide; OGD: oxygen-glucose deprivation; OGD/R: oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion; p-: <t>phosphorylated-;</t> PERK: double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like ER kinase; Sal: salubrinal.
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    OGD/R induces early activation of ER stress sensors followed by apoptosis in cultured cortical neurons, which is ameliorated by ER stress inhibitors. (A) Schematic representation of the timeline of the experimental procedures. Cortical neurons (7 DIV) were cultured in normal conditions (Control group) or exposed to oxygen/glucose deprivation for 4 hours followed by reperfusion (OGD/R group). Cell lysates were collected at various time points for Western blotting, and cell viability was evaluated after 24 hours reperfusion. (B) The cell viability of primary cortical neurons after OGD/R 24 hours was detected by MTT assay. Cortical neurons (7 DIV) under standard culture conditions were used as the control group ( n = 3). ** P < 0.01, vs. control, unpaired t -test. (C) Cell lysates from the OGD/R group were collected at different time points (0–24 hours) after reperfusion. For the control group, cell lysates were collected at the same time corresponding to 0 hours reperfusion of OGD/R group. Levels of ER stress sensors, protein synthesis, and apoptosis-related proteins were examined by western blot analysis. (D–K) Quantifications of the normalized levels of p-PERK/PERK (D, n = 4), p-eIF2α/eIF2α (E, n = 3), p-IRE1/IRE1 (F, n = 3), ATF6 (G, n = 3), puromycin (H, n = 3), ATF4 (I, n = 3), CHOP (J, n = 3), and cleaved-caspase-3 (K, n = 3). GAPDH and α-tubulin served as the loading control. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001, vs . control, one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. (L) A schematic illustration of the application of ER stress inhibitors, sodium 4-PBA or Sal, to neurons 1 hour before OGD and during OGD (−5 to 0 hours). (M, N) MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell viability of neurons treated with 4-PBA or Sal ( n = 3). **** P < 0.0001, OGD/R vs. control; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, 4-PBA (50 or 100 µM) or Sal (25 or 100 µM) vs. OGD/R, unpaired t -test. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. 4-PBA: Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate; ATF: activating transcription factor; CHOP: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein; C-Casp-3: cleaved-caspase-3; DIV: day in vitro ; eIF2α: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IRE1: inositol requiring enzyme 1; MTT: 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide; OGD: oxygen-glucose deprivation; OGD/R: oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion; p-: phosphorylated-; PERK: double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like ER kinase; Sal: salubrinal.

    Journal: Neural Regeneration Research

    Article Title: Neuroserpin alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by suppressing ischemia-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress

    doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00044

    Figure Lengend Snippet: OGD/R induces early activation of ER stress sensors followed by apoptosis in cultured cortical neurons, which is ameliorated by ER stress inhibitors. (A) Schematic representation of the timeline of the experimental procedures. Cortical neurons (7 DIV) were cultured in normal conditions (Control group) or exposed to oxygen/glucose deprivation for 4 hours followed by reperfusion (OGD/R group). Cell lysates were collected at various time points for Western blotting, and cell viability was evaluated after 24 hours reperfusion. (B) The cell viability of primary cortical neurons after OGD/R 24 hours was detected by MTT assay. Cortical neurons (7 DIV) under standard culture conditions were used as the control group ( n = 3). ** P < 0.01, vs. control, unpaired t -test. (C) Cell lysates from the OGD/R group were collected at different time points (0–24 hours) after reperfusion. For the control group, cell lysates were collected at the same time corresponding to 0 hours reperfusion of OGD/R group. Levels of ER stress sensors, protein synthesis, and apoptosis-related proteins were examined by western blot analysis. (D–K) Quantifications of the normalized levels of p-PERK/PERK (D, n = 4), p-eIF2α/eIF2α (E, n = 3), p-IRE1/IRE1 (F, n = 3), ATF6 (G, n = 3), puromycin (H, n = 3), ATF4 (I, n = 3), CHOP (J, n = 3), and cleaved-caspase-3 (K, n = 3). GAPDH and α-tubulin served as the loading control. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001, vs . control, one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. (L) A schematic illustration of the application of ER stress inhibitors, sodium 4-PBA or Sal, to neurons 1 hour before OGD and during OGD (−5 to 0 hours). (M, N) MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell viability of neurons treated with 4-PBA or Sal ( n = 3). **** P < 0.0001, OGD/R vs. control; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, 4-PBA (50 or 100 µM) or Sal (25 or 100 µM) vs. OGD/R, unpaired t -test. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. 4-PBA: Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate; ATF: activating transcription factor; CHOP: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein; C-Casp-3: cleaved-caspase-3; DIV: day in vitro ; eIF2α: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IRE1: inositol requiring enzyme 1; MTT: 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide; OGD: oxygen-glucose deprivation; OGD/R: oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion; p-: phosphorylated-; PERK: double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like ER kinase; Sal: salubrinal.

    Article Snippet: The following primary antibodies were used (with an overnight incubation at 4°C): neuroserpin (mouse, 1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Cat# sc-48360, RRID: AB_628245), phosphorylated-PERK (p-PERK, rabbit, 1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA, Cat# 3179S, RRID: AB_2095853), PERK (rabbit, 1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, Cat# 3192S, RRID: AB_2095847), phosphorylated-eIF2α (p-eIF2α, rabbit, 1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, Cat# 3398S, RRID: AB_2096481), eIF2α (rabbit, 1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, Cat# 9722S, RRID: AB_2230924), phosphorylated-IRE1 (p-IRE1, rabbit, 1:1000, Abcam, Cat# ab48187, RRID: AB_873899), IRE1 (rabbit, 1:1000, Abcam, Cat# ab37037, RRID: AB_775780), ATF6 (rabbit, 1:1000, Abcam, Cat# ab203119, RRID: AB_2650448), ATF4 (rabbit, 1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, Cat# 11815S, RRID: AB_2616025), CHOP (rabbit, 1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, Cat# 2895S, RRID: AB_2089254), Cleaved caspase-3 (rabbit, 1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, Cat# 9664S, RRID: AB_2070042), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH, rabbit, 1:2000, Proteintech, Rosemont, IL, USA, Cat# 10494-1-AP, RRID: AB_2263076), and α-tubulin (mouse, 1:2000, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, Cat# T8578, RRID: AB_184122).

    Techniques: Activation Assay, Cell Culture, Control, Western Blot, MTT Assay, Comparison, Binding Assay, In Vitro

    Neuroserpin inhibits ER stress–mediated signaling transduction induced by OGD/R. (A) Schematic representation of the timing of the experimental procedures. Neuroserpin (NSP; 20 ng/mL) was added to cortical neurons (7 DIV) 4 hours before OGD and during OGD, followed by reperfusion. Cell lysates were collected at the indicated time points of reperfusion for the examination of ER stress signaling molecules. (B) Representative western blots showing phosphorylated and total levels of ER stress sensors and apoptosis-related proteins. (C) Representative western blots showing levels of puromycin. (D–K) Quantitative analysis of the normalized p-PERK/PERK (D, n = 3), p-eIF2α/eIF2α (E, n = 3), p-IRE1/IRE1 (F, n = 3), ATF6 (G, n = 3), puromycin (H, n = 3), ATF4 (I, n = 5), CHOP (J, n = 5), and cleaved-caspase-3 (K, n = 4). GAPDH and α-tubulin were used as loading controls. ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, OGD/R vs . control; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, OGD/R + NSP vs . OGD/R, unpaired t -test. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. ATF: Activating transcription factor; CHOP: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein; C-Casp-3: cleaved-caspase-3; DIV: day in vitro ; eIF2α: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IRE1: inositol requiring enzyme 1; i.c.v.: intracerebroventricular; NSP: neuroserpin; OGD: oxygen-glucose deprivation; OGD/R: oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion; p-: phosphorylated-; PERK: double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like ER kinase.

    Journal: Neural Regeneration Research

    Article Title: Neuroserpin alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by suppressing ischemia-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress

    doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00044

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Neuroserpin inhibits ER stress–mediated signaling transduction induced by OGD/R. (A) Schematic representation of the timing of the experimental procedures. Neuroserpin (NSP; 20 ng/mL) was added to cortical neurons (7 DIV) 4 hours before OGD and during OGD, followed by reperfusion. Cell lysates were collected at the indicated time points of reperfusion for the examination of ER stress signaling molecules. (B) Representative western blots showing phosphorylated and total levels of ER stress sensors and apoptosis-related proteins. (C) Representative western blots showing levels of puromycin. (D–K) Quantitative analysis of the normalized p-PERK/PERK (D, n = 3), p-eIF2α/eIF2α (E, n = 3), p-IRE1/IRE1 (F, n = 3), ATF6 (G, n = 3), puromycin (H, n = 3), ATF4 (I, n = 5), CHOP (J, n = 5), and cleaved-caspase-3 (K, n = 4). GAPDH and α-tubulin were used as loading controls. ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, OGD/R vs . control; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, OGD/R + NSP vs . OGD/R, unpaired t -test. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. ATF: Activating transcription factor; CHOP: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein; C-Casp-3: cleaved-caspase-3; DIV: day in vitro ; eIF2α: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IRE1: inositol requiring enzyme 1; i.c.v.: intracerebroventricular; NSP: neuroserpin; OGD: oxygen-glucose deprivation; OGD/R: oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion; p-: phosphorylated-; PERK: double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like ER kinase.

    Article Snippet: The following primary antibodies were used (with an overnight incubation at 4°C): neuroserpin (mouse, 1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Cat# sc-48360, RRID: AB_628245), phosphorylated-PERK (p-PERK, rabbit, 1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA, Cat# 3179S, RRID: AB_2095853), PERK (rabbit, 1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, Cat# 3192S, RRID: AB_2095847), phosphorylated-eIF2α (p-eIF2α, rabbit, 1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, Cat# 3398S, RRID: AB_2096481), eIF2α (rabbit, 1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, Cat# 9722S, RRID: AB_2230924), phosphorylated-IRE1 (p-IRE1, rabbit, 1:1000, Abcam, Cat# ab48187, RRID: AB_873899), IRE1 (rabbit, 1:1000, Abcam, Cat# ab37037, RRID: AB_775780), ATF6 (rabbit, 1:1000, Abcam, Cat# ab203119, RRID: AB_2650448), ATF4 (rabbit, 1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, Cat# 11815S, RRID: AB_2616025), CHOP (rabbit, 1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, Cat# 2895S, RRID: AB_2089254), Cleaved caspase-3 (rabbit, 1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, Cat# 9664S, RRID: AB_2070042), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH, rabbit, 1:2000, Proteintech, Rosemont, IL, USA, Cat# 10494-1-AP, RRID: AB_2263076), and α-tubulin (mouse, 1:2000, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, Cat# T8578, RRID: AB_184122).

    Techniques: Transduction, Western Blot, Control, Binding Assay, In Vitro

    OGD/R induces early activation of ER stress sensors followed by apoptosis in cultured cortical neurons, which is ameliorated by ER stress inhibitors. (A) Schematic representation of the timeline of the experimental procedures. Cortical neurons (7 DIV) were cultured in normal conditions (Control group) or exposed to oxygen/glucose deprivation for 4 hours followed by reperfusion (OGD/R group). Cell lysates were collected at various time points for Western blotting, and cell viability was evaluated after 24 hours reperfusion. (B) The cell viability of primary cortical neurons after OGD/R 24 hours was detected by MTT assay. Cortical neurons (7 DIV) under standard culture conditions were used as the control group ( n = 3). ** P < 0.01, vs. control, unpaired t -test. (C) Cell lysates from the OGD/R group were collected at different time points (0–24 hours) after reperfusion. For the control group, cell lysates were collected at the same time corresponding to 0 hours reperfusion of OGD/R group. Levels of ER stress sensors, protein synthesis, and apoptosis-related proteins were examined by western blot analysis. (D–K) Quantifications of the normalized levels of p-PERK/PERK (D, n = 4), p-eIF2α/eIF2α (E, n = 3), p-IRE1/IRE1 (F, n = 3), ATF6 (G, n = 3), puromycin (H, n = 3), ATF4 (I, n = 3), CHOP (J, n = 3), and cleaved-caspase-3 (K, n = 3). GAPDH and α-tubulin served as the loading control. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001, vs . control, one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. (L) A schematic illustration of the application of ER stress inhibitors, sodium 4-PBA or Sal, to neurons 1 hour before OGD and during OGD (−5 to 0 hours). (M, N) MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell viability of neurons treated with 4-PBA or Sal ( n = 3). **** P < 0.0001, OGD/R vs. control; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, 4-PBA (50 or 100 µM) or Sal (25 or 100 µM) vs. OGD/R, unpaired t -test. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. 4-PBA: Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate; ATF: activating transcription factor; CHOP: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein; C-Casp-3: cleaved-caspase-3; DIV: day in vitro ; eIF2α: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IRE1: inositol requiring enzyme 1; MTT: 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide; OGD: oxygen-glucose deprivation; OGD/R: oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion; p-: phosphorylated-; PERK: double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like ER kinase; Sal: salubrinal.

    Journal: Neural Regeneration Research

    Article Title: Neuroserpin alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by suppressing ischemia-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress

    doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00044

    Figure Lengend Snippet: OGD/R induces early activation of ER stress sensors followed by apoptosis in cultured cortical neurons, which is ameliorated by ER stress inhibitors. (A) Schematic representation of the timeline of the experimental procedures. Cortical neurons (7 DIV) were cultured in normal conditions (Control group) or exposed to oxygen/glucose deprivation for 4 hours followed by reperfusion (OGD/R group). Cell lysates were collected at various time points for Western blotting, and cell viability was evaluated after 24 hours reperfusion. (B) The cell viability of primary cortical neurons after OGD/R 24 hours was detected by MTT assay. Cortical neurons (7 DIV) under standard culture conditions were used as the control group ( n = 3). ** P < 0.01, vs. control, unpaired t -test. (C) Cell lysates from the OGD/R group were collected at different time points (0–24 hours) after reperfusion. For the control group, cell lysates were collected at the same time corresponding to 0 hours reperfusion of OGD/R group. Levels of ER stress sensors, protein synthesis, and apoptosis-related proteins were examined by western blot analysis. (D–K) Quantifications of the normalized levels of p-PERK/PERK (D, n = 4), p-eIF2α/eIF2α (E, n = 3), p-IRE1/IRE1 (F, n = 3), ATF6 (G, n = 3), puromycin (H, n = 3), ATF4 (I, n = 3), CHOP (J, n = 3), and cleaved-caspase-3 (K, n = 3). GAPDH and α-tubulin served as the loading control. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001, vs . control, one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. (L) A schematic illustration of the application of ER stress inhibitors, sodium 4-PBA or Sal, to neurons 1 hour before OGD and during OGD (−5 to 0 hours). (M, N) MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell viability of neurons treated with 4-PBA or Sal ( n = 3). **** P < 0.0001, OGD/R vs. control; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, 4-PBA (50 or 100 µM) or Sal (25 or 100 µM) vs. OGD/R, unpaired t -test. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. 4-PBA: Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate; ATF: activating transcription factor; CHOP: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein; C-Casp-3: cleaved-caspase-3; DIV: day in vitro ; eIF2α: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IRE1: inositol requiring enzyme 1; MTT: 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide; OGD: oxygen-glucose deprivation; OGD/R: oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion; p-: phosphorylated-; PERK: double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like ER kinase; Sal: salubrinal.

    Article Snippet: The following primary antibodies were used (with an overnight incubation at 4°C): neuroserpin (mouse, 1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Cat# sc-48360, RRID: AB_628245), phosphorylated-PERK (p-PERK, rabbit, 1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA, Cat# 3179S, RRID: AB_2095853), PERK (rabbit, 1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, Cat# 3192S, RRID: AB_2095847), phosphorylated-eIF2α (p-eIF2α, rabbit, 1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, Cat# 3398S, RRID: AB_2096481), eIF2α (rabbit, 1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, Cat# 9722S, RRID: AB_2230924), phosphorylated-IRE1 (p-IRE1, rabbit, 1:1000, Abcam, Cat# ab48187, RRID: AB_873899), IRE1 (rabbit, 1:1000, Abcam, Cat# ab37037, RRID: AB_775780), ATF6 (rabbit, 1:1000, Abcam, Cat# ab203119, RRID: AB_2650448), ATF4 (rabbit, 1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, Cat# 11815S, RRID: AB_2616025), CHOP (rabbit, 1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, Cat# 2895S, RRID: AB_2089254), Cleaved caspase-3 (rabbit, 1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, Cat# 9664S, RRID: AB_2070042), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH, rabbit, 1:2000, Proteintech, Rosemont, IL, USA, Cat# 10494-1-AP, RRID: AB_2263076), and α-tubulin (mouse, 1:2000, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, Cat# T8578, RRID: AB_184122).

    Techniques: Activation Assay, Cell Culture, Control, Western Blot, MTT Assay, Comparison, Binding Assay, In Vitro

    Neuroserpin inhibits ER stress–mediated signaling transduction induced by OGD/R. (A) Schematic representation of the timing of the experimental procedures. Neuroserpin (NSP; 20 ng/mL) was added to cortical neurons (7 DIV) 4 hours before OGD and during OGD, followed by reperfusion. Cell lysates were collected at the indicated time points of reperfusion for the examination of ER stress signaling molecules. (B) Representative western blots showing phosphorylated and total levels of ER stress sensors and apoptosis-related proteins. (C) Representative western blots showing levels of puromycin. (D–K) Quantitative analysis of the normalized p-PERK/PERK (D, n = 3), p-eIF2α/eIF2α (E, n = 3), p-IRE1/IRE1 (F, n = 3), ATF6 (G, n = 3), puromycin (H, n = 3), ATF4 (I, n = 5), CHOP (J, n = 5), and cleaved-caspase-3 (K, n = 4). GAPDH and α-tubulin were used as loading controls. ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, OGD/R vs . control; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, OGD/R + NSP vs . OGD/R, unpaired t -test. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. ATF: Activating transcription factor; CHOP: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein; C-Casp-3: cleaved-caspase-3; DIV: day in vitro ; eIF2α: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IRE1: inositol requiring enzyme 1; i.c.v.: intracerebroventricular; NSP: neuroserpin; OGD: oxygen-glucose deprivation; OGD/R: oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion; p-: phosphorylated-; PERK: double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like ER kinase.

    Journal: Neural Regeneration Research

    Article Title: Neuroserpin alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by suppressing ischemia-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress

    doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00044

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Neuroserpin inhibits ER stress–mediated signaling transduction induced by OGD/R. (A) Schematic representation of the timing of the experimental procedures. Neuroserpin (NSP; 20 ng/mL) was added to cortical neurons (7 DIV) 4 hours before OGD and during OGD, followed by reperfusion. Cell lysates were collected at the indicated time points of reperfusion for the examination of ER stress signaling molecules. (B) Representative western blots showing phosphorylated and total levels of ER stress sensors and apoptosis-related proteins. (C) Representative western blots showing levels of puromycin. (D–K) Quantitative analysis of the normalized p-PERK/PERK (D, n = 3), p-eIF2α/eIF2α (E, n = 3), p-IRE1/IRE1 (F, n = 3), ATF6 (G, n = 3), puromycin (H, n = 3), ATF4 (I, n = 5), CHOP (J, n = 5), and cleaved-caspase-3 (K, n = 4). GAPDH and α-tubulin were used as loading controls. ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, OGD/R vs . control; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, OGD/R + NSP vs . OGD/R, unpaired t -test. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. ATF: Activating transcription factor; CHOP: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein; C-Casp-3: cleaved-caspase-3; DIV: day in vitro ; eIF2α: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IRE1: inositol requiring enzyme 1; i.c.v.: intracerebroventricular; NSP: neuroserpin; OGD: oxygen-glucose deprivation; OGD/R: oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion; p-: phosphorylated-; PERK: double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like ER kinase.

    Article Snippet: The following primary antibodies were used (with an overnight incubation at 4°C): neuroserpin (mouse, 1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Cat# sc-48360, RRID: AB_628245), phosphorylated-PERK (p-PERK, rabbit, 1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA, Cat# 3179S, RRID: AB_2095853), PERK (rabbit, 1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, Cat# 3192S, RRID: AB_2095847), phosphorylated-eIF2α (p-eIF2α, rabbit, 1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, Cat# 3398S, RRID: AB_2096481), eIF2α (rabbit, 1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, Cat# 9722S, RRID: AB_2230924), phosphorylated-IRE1 (p-IRE1, rabbit, 1:1000, Abcam, Cat# ab48187, RRID: AB_873899), IRE1 (rabbit, 1:1000, Abcam, Cat# ab37037, RRID: AB_775780), ATF6 (rabbit, 1:1000, Abcam, Cat# ab203119, RRID: AB_2650448), ATF4 (rabbit, 1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, Cat# 11815S, RRID: AB_2616025), CHOP (rabbit, 1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, Cat# 2895S, RRID: AB_2089254), Cleaved caspase-3 (rabbit, 1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, Cat# 9664S, RRID: AB_2070042), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH, rabbit, 1:2000, Proteintech, Rosemont, IL, USA, Cat# 10494-1-AP, RRID: AB_2263076), and α-tubulin (mouse, 1:2000, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, Cat# T8578, RRID: AB_184122).

    Techniques: Transduction, Western Blot, Control, Binding Assay, In Vitro